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PV System and Principle of operation A photovoltaic is a projects for ece cell converts energy from the sunlight into electricity. The radiation from the sun is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons. As these photons impact on the cell, some of them are absorbed into the cell. The energy from the photons on impact causes electrons to be free [2]. The movement of the free electrons is what generates electricity. A PV system is made up of a combination of many cells. Since a PV module is made up of cells combined in series and parallel, the equivalent circuit can obtained by first doing an analysis on a single cell. The equivalent circuit for a PV cell is given below The circuit comprises of a Current source which delivers short circuit current  ISC ,  A shunt diode connected across the current source with current ID  representing diffusion current across the P-n junction and internal series and parallel resistances RS and RSH respectively. Clic...

RFID Toll Road Payment systems have really helped a lot in reducing the heavy congestion caused in the metropolitan cities of today. It is one of the easiest methods used to organize the heavy flow of traffic. When the car moves through the toll gate on any road, it is indicated on the RFID reader that it has crossed the clearing. The need for manual toll based systems is completely reduced in this methods and the tolling system works through RFID . The system thus installed is quite expedient reducing the time and cost of travelers since the tag can be deciphered from a distance.  The people traveling through this transport medium do not need anything else to get on a highway, instead the RFID tag carried by their vehicle does every thing. A commuter traveling through this medium gets to know how much amount has been paid and how much money is left in the tag. It does not require the person to carry cash with him to pay the toll tax all the time. The long queue waiting for...

With the exponential growth in image databases available on the Internet, we need an efficient storage, cataloging and retrieval system for images. Images in a database are typically indexed using text annotation, which is dependent upon the language and point of view of the operator. Content based image retrieval ( CBIR ), in contrast, is the method of retrieving images similar to a given query image using only the content of the image. Many features such as color, texture, and shape represent the content of the image can. There are many algorithms for image retrieval. However, most of them are based on the global features of the images. One disadvantage of global feature-based image retrieval is that a user is often interested only in a single object or in a few objects in the image, whereas a global mechanism uses all features for retrieval, including the background features. In order to overcome his shortcoming of the global feature-based image retrieval, a new image retr...

This project is designed to make home automation easy to control when a user is not at home. The project is designed to allow easy use of a mobile phone to control appliances in the home. Using a mobile phone the development of the control system will be carried out using SMS. This will communicate with another mobile phone, which in turn controls the devices attached to micro controller modules. When the action has been carried out then a response is sent to the user. The project involves three main areas, research, development \ programming , testing and the writing of the report. Introduction  The project is aimed at developing and testing the use of mobile phones to remotely control an appliance control system. The micro controller would then control an device based on the information given to it. The proposed solution will need to be easy to use, simple, secure, robust and be useful on most mobile phones. To achieve this testing will need to be carried out to create a us...

Most of the power-supply failure indicator circuits need a sepa- rate power-supply for them- selves. But the alarm circuit presented here needs no additional supply source. It employs an electrolytic capacitor to store adequate charge, to feed power to the alarm circuit which sounds an alarm for a reasonable duration when the mains supply fails. Please click here to [DOWNLOAD]

Our Project proposes a vehicle-to-vehicle communication protocol for cooperative collision warning. Emerging wireless technologies for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications are promising to dramatically reduce the number of fatal roadway accidents by providing early warnings. One major technical challenge addressed in this our project is to achieve low-latency in delivering emergency warnings in various road situations. Based on a careful analysis of application requirements, we design an effective protocol, comprising congestion control policies, service differentiation mechanisms and methods for emergency warning dissemination. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol achieves low latency in delivering emergency warnings and efficient bandwidth usage in stressful road scenarios. The wireless data communication between two vehicles is provided by introducing Zigbee technology. It is designed around low-power consumption allowing batteries to essentially...

Control area network is a network system for connecting different nodes and controlling it by transferring data from one node to another. Here the mode of data transfer will be from each and every nodal address mostly can bus is used for automobiles, industrial application and controls. Here in our project we are going to display data on display boards using CAN network. We are taking a research on CAN bus for advertisement boards. The main aim of the project is to transfer the data with two lines for longer distances for interconnected networks in cities. Mostly advertisements in cities are with LCD’s and LED’s.  For our convince here we are taking LCD displays. We have to display different types of data at different location this can be controlled and managed from one place. The main intension of using CAN for this purpose is it can transfer data for longer distances, no data corruption and a better acknowledgement with faster response. This will consume very less power c...

In today’s life, everyone gives importance to time. Time does not wait for anybody. Everything should be performed in time & accurately. Now a day’s school/college bells are manually operated. Hence there is a big question of accuracy. Also there is necessity of manpower and money. Hence here we should use automatic control system, which saves our manpower and money & also highest accuracy. Hence we have selected the project. What is our System? In market there many digital clocks available with bells but rings only at specific time. For e.g. Alarm Clock and some bells that ring after some time intervals and that cannot stop after specific time. For e.g. Musical Clock But all these limitation have been removed by our project. It rings only according to our college time table. Click here to download full engineering project for ECE [DOWNLOAD]

AIM: The main aim of this project is to detect drunken driver automatically to avoid accidents for automobiles. DESCRIPTION: In this project we have to detect that there are drunken driver or is there any high temperature while driving in automobiles. For this we are using LM35 (Temperature sensor), Alcohol sensor, ADC 0808 (Analog to Digital Converter), LDR, Break Indicator, Relay, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). LM35 is precision integrated circuit temperature sensor. Its output voltage is linearly proportional to temperature (in Celsius). The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. AD converters are used virtually everywhere where an analog signal has to be processed, stored, or transported in digital form.  Download full project here [DOWNLOAD]

The process of using a computer to collect data through sensors, analyze the data and save and output the results of the collection and analysis . Data logging also implies the control of how the computer collects and analyzes the data.  Bluetooth based data logger projects main idea is to develop an application which can monitor parameters like temperature, humidity, force etc of a computer. In order to develop this application sensors are used to analyze the data of computer and out put the result for further analysis. This application can be used in industries where these parameters are important. In Computer environment there is need to maintain certain parameters like servers status information regularly similarly in chemical and mechanical fields there are many cases where these parameters are important. In existing system there is no perfect solution for this problem . Download Here full project [DOWNLAOD]

A PROJECT REPORT ON A VLSI PROGRESSIVE CODING FOR WAVELET-BASED IMAGE COMPRESSION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE A VLSI PROGRESSIVE CODING FOR WAVELET-BASED IMAGE COMPRESSION ABSTRACT This paper describes the hardware design flow of lifting based 2-D Forward Discrete Wavelet Transform (FDWT) processor for JPEG 2000. In order to build high quality image of JPEG 2000 codec, an effective 2-D FDWT algorithm has been performed on input image file to get the decomposed image coefficients. The Lifting Scheme reduces the number of operations execution steps to almost one-half of those needed with a conventional convolution approach. Initially, the lifting based 2-D FDWT algorithm has been developed using Mat lab. The FDWT modules were simulated using XPS(8.1i) design tools. The final design was verified with Matlab image processing tools. Com...